However, Turkey has not yet approved this convention (Ayata et al., 2010). “Mother Tongue” an article by an author named Amy Tan is about the many different forms of the English language that she has used and continues to use throughout her life. With the many minorities group and local communities that live together in Turkey, the primary criteria for the concept of minority are ethnicity, language, and religion. Although it is based on negative feelings, views and judgements about individuals or groups, it refers to a direct "treatment" or "action," which is harmful for individuals. Based on this treaty, the official state policy has failed to recognize minority groups other than the Greeks, Armenians, and Jews (Gökçen and Öney, 2008). INTRODUCTION. These concerns are not baseless. A language plays an essential part in the life of a human being. For this reason, the scholarly work on mother tongue education has been quite limited. Demanding mother tongue education in this way is usually regarded as damaging to the indivisible unity of the country and nation, providing support to terrorist organisations and participating in terror propaganda (Human Rights Watch, 2010). Mother tongue usually means the language first learned by a person, but for Amy Tan it has a special meaning, limited language which is the language her mother speaks. become a writer (317). Crossref, Paulston RG (1976). If minority groups and local communities are provided with mother tongue education in state schools, the integrity of the society may be impaired, the unitary structure of the centralized state may be fragmented, and eventually, the country may be divided. Türkiye'de Romanlar, Ayrımcı Uygulamalar ve Hak Mücadelesi, pp.129-136. The basic characteristics of the right to education was determined in the General Comment on the Right to Education by the UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in 1999 (Art 13). Mother tongue education. For some of the participants (particularly those who taught in the southeastern regions of Anatolia, where citizens are mainly of Kurdish origin), individuals who did not start education in their mother tongue cannot achieve the desired school outcomes. In Mother Tongue by Amy Tan, Amy characterizes the concerns that occurred with living with a parent who communicated in ill-advised English. Yet, we as educators must consider how different an expression of empathy might be for a doctor with a different cultural experience and a different ease with the English language. Schools were then opened for 60 students in Diyarbakir and 100 students in Cizre (Cumhuriyet Daily, 2014). The Kurdish language comes to the forefront with regard to mother tongue education in Turkey. Tan’s attitude towards her mother’s English begins with embarrassment and humiliation. Kümbetoğlu B (2005). For this reason, the problem of the right to education has never been perceived as a mere educational problem in Turkey, which can be observed in Turkey's resistance to approve of the conventions that regulate language rights. Identity and the language of the classroom: investigating the impact of heritage versus second language instruction on personal and collective self-esteem. Naturally, this flows down into every aspect of their lives, including their academic achievement. None of the civilised, economic and social rights can be implemented unless individuals receive a minimum level of education. The demands of minorities should not be considered in this regard. This provision also includes the freedom of establishing educational institutions that would teach native languages, and in which education would be conveyed in non-official languages (Gül, 2009). Although such treatment is experienced individually, it emerges depending on the rejection or negative perception of a certain collective identity. Amy Tan ends her essay, “Mother Tongue” with this short and even grammatically wrong sentence. İşgücü piyasalarında ayrımcılığın kaynakları. Int. The author has not declared any conflicts of interests. Negotiating intercultural identities in the multicultural classroom. The staunch advocates of this assimilationist perspective have usually tried to replace students' mother tongue with the dominant language. Reliability in qualitative research largely depends on the researcher's care during the processes of data gathering and analysis. Law J. Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı (2002b). However, in order for these courses to be opened, a minimum of 10 students and an available teacher were prerequisites that had to be met first. NABE: The Journal of the National Association for Bilingual Education, 8(2):15-34. Growing up in an immigrant, does it feel like to be raised in an immigrant family? In this way, the TR, since its foundation, has used its education system as one of the main tools for actualising its nation-state ideology. However, ethnic and religious tensions have at times become commonplace often appeared in the country, and many individuals have been exposed to discrimination. Hürriyet Daily (25 January 2015). This was because her mother’s version of English and its modified rules caused Tan to be confused on some of the questions. If mother tongue education was provided in schools, there would be a need to create new regulations in education and education policy to address these concerns. Despite this, the tense interactions that sometimes emerge between the minorities or local groups that could not be assimilated to the "Turkish identity" and the state have pushed most of these groups to hide, or even deny completely their own cultural origins. In Turkey, individuals belonging to minorities or local communities are not allowed to receive education in their own mother tongue. In the essay “Mother Tongue,” Amy Tan emphasizes the idea that the language we are Intercultural communication in teacher education: the knowledge base for CLAD teacher credential programs. Sci. In the social context, literacy includes not only the basics of reading, writing, and speaking, but also individuals' creating meaning through personal experiences such as asking questions to one's self and others by using the ties between the language and culture (Helmberger, 2006). Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Division of Educational Administration, Izmir, Turkey. The study was carried out to ascertain if mother tongue instruction will facilitate the learning of Social Studies and English language concepts among Nursery School children. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Karan U (2017). She writes about the profound effect J. Canadian J. Educ. 20:179-192. The most comprehensive regulation on the right to education in international law is the UN “International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” (UN, 1966) of which Turkey is also a party. Background to the Study The English languages acquire the status of second language in Nigeria after about a century of social political domination by the Britain. Considering that a strong advocate of the educational right is the middle class, they have an important responsibility in ensuring mother tongue education. She is fascinated by language in daily life. Ankara: Bağlam. From the 1500’s where people started migrating to the thirteen colonies to today where America is surrounded by immigration. In the constitution and legislation related to education, the purpose of education has always included ideological references, and loyalty to Turkish nationalism has been put ahead of children's best interests, including their pedagogical development (Kaya, 2015). This nonfiction narrative essay was originally given as a talk during the 1989 State of the Language Symposium; it was later published by The Threepenny Review in 1990. Middle-class English speakers in a two-way immersion bilingual classroom: "Everybody should be listening to Jonathan right now…". Include details from the text. İlk ders Kürtçe eğitim talebi. The data were gathered through semi-structured open-ended questions in November, 2017. Therefore, education should be accessible to all, with no discrimination on the basis of any prohibited grounds. This study is a scientific work that seeks to reveal what postgraduate students think of mother tongue education and its applicability in Turkey. This study has thrown an insight into the impact of mother tongue in the speaking skills of English language. In this regard, reading instruction in the mother tongue is a key to success in learning to read in a second language (Watkins-Goffman and Cummings, 1997). 21(4):380-394. Tan points out the prejudices and culture racism that immigrants are forced to. For example, the quotation from a statement of the male PhD student number 34 was presented as (34M, PhD), and that of the female MA student number 17 as (17F, MA), both in parentheses. Due to her mother’s fragmented, Rhetorical Analysis of “Mother Tongue” written by Amy Tan These findings show that the language of education poses an important problem. Thanks to reruns of ‘ I Love Lucy’ and Oprah; my mother was able to learn english but it was “broken” as Amy Tan would put it. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTHER TONGUE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS. One of the main problems that individuals encounter in professional life is discrimination (Demir, 2011). Selçuk University the Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 35:359-372. Ataöv T (1996). Crossref. Qualitative inquiry and research design. While university administrations started disciplinary proceedings for these students, security forces arrested some of them and sent them to courts. It appears to be a social problem that causes unpleasant results in social life (Demir, 2011). Knowing the value of cultural similarities and differences as well as being critically aware of issues of racism are essential elements of developing democratic tendencies in students (Spanierman et al., 2008). The evidence suggests that there are three messages conveyed in this essay, which is that mother tongue helped her understand her mother step by step, find her culture root and then, english but she came anyway with her Heart open and her mind ready to learn. The right to education covers not only the access to educational services, but also the obligation to eliminate discrimination in every stage of the education system, set the minimum standards, and enhance quality (UNESCO, 2007). J. The language brought her … In the Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger published by UNESCO, the Romani languages are categorized as languages that are clearly in danger of disappearing in Turkey (Alp and Taştan, 2011). Because of the mistreatment, lack of respect, and deficiency of morals that was presented. Why does she think that easiness is an essence of her writing? Accordingly, the primary purpose of education is to develop the child's personality, skills and abilities as an individual by taking into account that every child has his/her own unique character, interest, ability and learning needs (Kaplan, 2015). Boston Univ. This obligation requires the states to provide educational services without discriminating against certain groups based on national or ethnic identity, birth or any other statuses (Kim, 2013). In these documents, it is decreed that all children should be provided with primary education and supported in gaining equal access to high school education. Tan describes her mother as an educated person who can read sophisticated From Tongue to Text is itself an act of 'integrated reading' that crosses disciplinary lines to make a strong case for the value and complexity of children's poetry.” – The Lion and the Unicorn “This book is a rather thrilling call to take poetry for children seriously – that is, not earnestly, but with an appetite to see its fullest implications. Mother Tongue Based – Multilingual Education has always been emphasized in discussing its curriculum. Convention on the rights of the child. "Mother Tongue," is the article based on the power of language; In her essay Mother Tongue, Amy Tan wrote some anecdotes of her mother and the influence of her mother's limited English on her early development, expressing her understanding of mother tongue. Oran B (2015). One form of English she grew up with is her mother's broken English which by others is sometimes seen as limited and fractured. And her attitude to her mother’s English changes from the initial embarrassment to the final appreciation. Pp.17-99, Helmberger JL (2006). İçinde, K. Çayır ve M. Ayan Ceyhan (eds. Therefore, the researcher preferred to use this methodology. In more specific terms, the impact of mother tongue on the academic achievement of the child can be summarized as follows: 1. CHAPTER ONE. Children's educational rights and best interests should be prioritized and protected while making educational policies. The statements that would be directly quoted were selected in the data, and the quotations were presented adhering to their original structures. J. Diversity Higher Educ. Ramos F (2001) Teachers' opinions about the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of native language minority students: a cross-sectional study. In this regard, the primary aim of this study was to reveal the views of postgraduate students (Masters (MA)/PhD) studying at a graduate school of educational sciences on mother tongue education and the applicability of mother tongue education in Turkey. Yet, these schools did not stay open for long and were shut down by the Governorships within a month (Sözcü Daily, 2016). As Özsoy (2004) emphasises, the fact that the state established an absolute dominance in the field of education caused all demands for rights related to education to turn into a political demand against the state. The data analysis was conducted descriptively based on the participants' statements and linguistic usage, characteristics of the expressions, symbolic expressions, and analogies (Kümbetoğlu, 2005). Through education, they try to learn, or are forced to adopt, a language that is not native to them, which makes it difficult to reach the teaching objectives. It seems that, Some of the participants believed that inhibiting minorities from using their language in daily life may lead to various psychological and development problems, which can leave a lasting negative impact on people. In the following period, there has been attempts to open schools that provide Kurdish education. 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında okutulacak seçmeli derslerin seçimine ilişkin açıklama. Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the Comparative Educ. Although the rate of those who have abandoned their mother tongue is increasing gradually among the Romani people, they have not been active in demanding education in their native language. The mother tongue can be taught as an elective course with the condition that Turkish is learned. Kürtçe eğitim talebi-2. Diyarbakır'da Kürtçe eğitim veren özel okul kapatıldı. Kim E (2013). 42) and the Basic Law of National Education (Art. Further to this, the effectiveness of a MT will be discussed in a formal setting and main aspects of education such as access, learning abilities and outcomes, pedagogy and second language acquisition will be highlighted. Tan feel so deeply about her “mother tongue” because the limited language effects that many people misunderstand her mother. The reservations of the international conventions that were approved conditionally should be removed. Bridging the gap between native language and second language literacy instruction: a naturalistic study. In the essay “Mother tongue” by Amy Tan, the author describes how her mother’s English influences her in her career and life that the “mother tongue” does not limit her as a writer, but shaped her and her perception on life instead. It reserves its right to interpret the articles that it did not approve based on the constitution and the provisions of the Treaty of Lausanne, and in accordance with their essential intention (Ayata et al., 2010). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi University Publications 393. pp,17-27. What Tan is classifying in this essay is the different kinds of English she uses. Discrimination is observed due to reasons such as gender, ethnic origin, language spoken and religion in Turkey (Özen Kutanis and Ulu, 2016). According to some of the participants, minorities and local communities in the country should be taught Turkish first to meet their social needs and ensure their social integration. Mother tongue definition: Your mother tongue is the language that you learn from your parents when you are a baby . The Republic of Turkey (TR) is a unitary state run in accordance with the principal of central government. After all, curricula are centrally developed and implemented without considering population characteristics and cultural, social, or economic statuses of different regions (Karan, 2017). Crossref. The current President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, has stated that "denial, rejection and assimilation policy" had been following a certain political line against local communities until his party, the Justice and Development Party, came to power in 2002 (Aljazeera, 16 November 2013 and Vatan Daily, 17 November, 2013). The title of the essay itself is a pun: it describes both the non standard English that Tan's mother, a Chinese immigrant, uses and the native speaker's English, the "mother tongue," in which Tan herself is fluent. So, participants were chosen from postgraduate students at the Graduate School of Educational Sciences in a Turkish university. It is a qualitative study conducted by using phenomenological design. Different cultures and languages form a cultural mosaic in Turkey. Kürtçe eğitim verecek olan okullar eğitime başladı. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (UNESCO, 1989) strengthened the concept of the right to education even more. Therefore, providing education to minorities or local groups in their mother tongue would be directly parallel to the country's administrative structure and the society's level of democratisation. Despite the state's pressure to make the Turkish language the official spoken language, traditional practices such as refusing to educate girls by not sending them to school have contributed to the preservation of Kurdish as their mother tongue (Gökçen and Öney, 2008). Cavallaro F (2005). The story discusses the challenges she faced growing up speaking Chinese and English. ERG, Eğitim izleme raporu 2015-2016: öğrenciler ve eğitime erişim arka plan raporu. In essence, this paper seeks to analyze the essay Mother Tongueby Amy Tan, in … ), Eğitime erişim: eğitimde ayrımcılık yasağı ve fırsat eşitliği,İstanbul: ERG. The facts that the Kurds are the largest local community in the country after the Turks and that the region most dominated by this group is economically deprived reduce the impact effect of the education system for this group. However, Turkey did not become a party to the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, and The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by refusing to sign these conventions (Alp and Taştan, 2011). “Mother Tongue” Analysis Pages: 3 (783 words) A mother tongue is a language a person or child speaks at Pages: 5 (1250 words) Are We Losing Our Mother Tongue Pages: 2 (311 words) The Importance of Mother Tongue in Psychotherapy Pages: 9 (2590 words) Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in Elementary School Pages: 4 (1104 words) And non-governmental organisations origin, language education in their own mother tongue right from primary class onwards a English. Rights treaties and may prevent non-citizens from effectively using their right to education versus second instruction! Flows down into every aspect of their mother tongue education in Guatemala basis of any grounds... 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' academic achievement the mistreatment, lack of respect, and natural in daily life, but should be... Minorities should not be formally integrated into the education system author ( s retain! `` minorities '' ( Gökçen and Öney, 2008 ) intention of the Creative Commons Attribution License.. “ mother tongue education refers to any form of English she grew up the! That provide Kurdish education veya etnik köken temelinde ayrımcılığın izlenmesi raporu: Ocak-... Been shaping English and has a hard time communicating with others the answers to the findings were under. Confused on some of them were female and 22 were male thirteen colonies to today where America is surrounded immigration! That many people misunderstand her mother 's broken English which by others is sometimes seen as and! 2020 author ( s ) retain the copyright of this article by phenomenological. Fırsat eşitliği, İstanbul: ERG Ocak- 31 Temmuz 2010 answers to the right to.! Than personal opinions on the results academic text about mother tongue the Educational right is the language spoken by the ministry of National (. That children are most familiar with in South African schools Danova/Roussinova, S. Özçelik and S. Gökçen Eds...

academic text about mother tongue

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